What is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide, though men can also develop it. It occurs when abnormal cells in the breast grow uncontrollably, forming lumps or masses. These cells can start in the milk ducts (ductal carcinoma), the milk-producing lobules (lobular carcinoma), or rarely, the connective tissues. If left untreated, breast cancer can spread to nearby lymph nodes and eventually other organs, a process called metastasis. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes.
Types of Breast Cancer
1. Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): A non-invasive form that starts in the ducts. Early detection through mammograms allows successful treatment with surgery and radiation.
2. Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): The most common type, breaking through duct walls and potentially spreading to lymph nodes. Treatment often involves surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy.
3. Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): Begins in lobules and spreads diffusely, making it harder to detect. Treatment typically combines surgery, radiation, and hormone therapy.
4. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): An aggressive form that lacks estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. Chemotherapy is the main treatment.
5. HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Characterized by overproduction of HER2 protein. Responds well to targeted therapies like trastuzumab.
6. Inflammatory & Paget’s Disease: Rare forms with unique symptoms such as redness, swelling, or skin changes around the nipple.
7. Male & Metastatic Breast Cancer: Less common, often diagnosed at later stages; metastatic breast cancer spreads to bones, lungs, liver, or brain.
Risk Factors
Age, family history, genetic mutations (BRCA1/2), hormonal changes, lifestyle factors, obesity, alcohol consumption, and radiation exposure. Understanding risk factors helps in early detection and prevention.
Symptoms to Watch:
● Lumps in the breast or underarm
● Changes in breast size or shape
● Nipple changes, discharge, or crusting
● Skin dimpling, redness, or swelling
● Persistent pain in the breast or nipple
Diagnosis & Screening
Screening methods include mammograms, 3D mammograms, ultrasounds, MRIs, biopsies, hormone receptor & HER2 testing, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and genetic testing for high-risk individuals. Early diagnosis increases treatment success.
Nutrition & Care
●Before & During Treatment: Focus on protein, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats, and proper hydration. Avoid processed foods, alcohol, and refined sugar.
●After Treatment: Include anti-inflammatory and gut-friendly foods, omega-3s, vitamin D, and calcium-rich foods to support recovery and reduce recurrence
Conclusion
Breast cancer is serious but treatable. Regular screening, timely treatment, awareness of symptoms, and a healthy lifestyle are crucial. If you notice changes in your breasts or have a family history, consult a specialist promptly. Awareness, early action, and proper care can make a life-saving difference.
